Reference

Truss Types — 4 Standards Compared

Pratt · Howe · Warren · K-truss — how they work, where to use them

How to use this page: reference for your research (L06), sketching (L04, L07), and understanding failure modes (L21). Every diagram is drawn live with SVG — right-click → View Source to see how.

Shared truss vocabulary

1. Pratt Truss

Invented by Thomas and Caleb Pratt, 1844 (USA) · Most common school-build truss

PRATT — diagonals slope DOWN toward centre

Members in tension (blue): bottom chord, diagonals

Members in compression (red): top chord, verticals

Typical use: short-to-medium span steel and timber bridges

Good for Y7 build: diagonals in tension = less buckling risk. Easiest truss to build cleanly.

2. Howe Truss

Patented by William Howe, 1840 (USA) · Opposite of Pratt

HOWE — diagonals slope UP toward centre

Members in tension (blue): bottom chord, verticals

Members in compression (red): top chord, diagonals

Typical use: timber bridges (timber is good at compression)

For Y7 build: watch out — diagonals in compression are prone to buckling with thin sticks.

3. Warren Truss

Patented by James Warren, 1848 (UK) · Zigzag — alternating diagonals, no verticals

WARREN — equilateral triangles, no verticals

Members alternate compression and tension — each diagonal is one or the other

Typical use: medium-span steel bridges, many Australian rail bridges

For Y7 build: elegant and uses FEWER sticks than Pratt. But alignment is trickier because diagonals must meet at clean points.

4. K-Truss

Used for very tall or wide trusses · Splits a long vertical

K-TRUSS — diagonals meet at vertical midpoints

Shorter diagonals = less buckling risk (critical for tall trusses)

Typical use: Eiffel Tower (vertical use), tall highway signs, very wide bridges

For Y7 build: complicated. Only attempt if you're confident with Pratt first. Uses the MOST sticks.

Which should I pick?

TrussEaseStick countLoad capacityRecommended for
Pratt⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ EasiestMediumHighMost Y7 pairs
Howe⭐⭐⭐ MediumMediumMedium (buckling risk)Pairs confident in gluing
Warren⭐⭐ TrickierFewerMedium-highPairs who want lowest mass
K-truss⭐ HardestMostVery highExtension students only

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